National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program

 

Progress Report-2001

FINAL REPORT

 

TITLE: Potential for Transfer of Herbicide Resistance from Wheat to Jointed Goatgrass

 

PERSONNEL: R. S. Zemetra - University of Idaho

C. Mallory-Smith - Oregon State University

Zhining Wang – Ph.D. GRA, University of Idaho

Lori Kroiss – M.S. GRA, Oregon State University

Lisèlé Crémieux- M.S. GRA, Oregon State University

 

TIME LINE: Initiation Date: July 1, 1997

                    Termination Date: June 30, 2001

 

ORIGINAL HYPOTHESIS:

 

Herbicide resistance genes in wheat could be transferred to jointed goatgrass via hybridization and backcrossing in the field.  The retention of the resistance gene from wheat could be affected by the level of selection pressure for the gene during backcrossing and the genome location of the gene.  Experiments were designed to test the affect of herbicide selection on gene retention and develop methods to monitor retention of A/B genome chromosomes in jointed goatgrass backcrosses.

 

SUMMARY OF PROGRESS

 

BC2 seed harvested off of BC1 plants in the field have been planted in the greenhouse and have been evaluated for morphological characteristics and level of self-fertility.  Glutenin protein patterns have been evaluated on these plants and it was determined that glutenin patterns could not be used to determine the pollen parent for every BC2 plant.  Both non-herbicide selected and herbicide selected jointed goatgrass backcross populations were developed.  BC2S1 plants from a non-selected population were evaluated for retention of the herbicide resistance gene and for wheat microsatellites.  It was found that the herbicide resistance trait and the majority of the wheat microsatellites were retained at the expected frequency for a BC2 population.  An insufficient number of BC2 plants were produced in the herbicide selected population to test the frequency of retention with selection pressure.  GISH techniques have been developed to identify A/B genome chromosomes in backcross plants and C genome chromosomes in backcross plants.  C genome GISH was shown to be a method to identify the pollen parent of BC1 plants.  A/B genome GISH was used to determine the retention of A and B genome chromosomes in BC2S2 and BC2S3 plants with 29, 30 and 31 chromosomes.  While A/B genome chromosomes were lost in most progeny plants, a few plants did retain the wheat chromosomes.

  

OBJECTIVES:

 

1.                 Determine the potential for the production of BC2 seed in the field with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent.

 

2.                 Determine if self-fertility can be restored from naturally occurring jointed goatgrass backcrosses.  Test for the presence of wheat glutenin genes in the progeny of self-fertile backcross plants.

 

3.                 Determine the retention of a herbicide resistance gene in jointed goatgrass under selection pressure.

 

4.                 Determine if integration/retention of A and B genomic DNA has occurred in BC2S1 plants.

 

PROGRESS:

 

Objective 1: Determine the potential for the production of BC2 seed in the field with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent.

 

Viable BC2 seed was harvested off of BC1 plants grown in the field demonstrating that natural backcrossing can occur in the field to produce BC2 plants.

 

Objective 2: Determine if self-fertility can be restored from naturally occurring jointed goatgrass backcrosses.  Test for the presence of wheat genes/chromatin in the progeny of self-fertile backcross plants.

 

Partial self-fertility was found in field derived BC2 population agreeing with the results of previous greenhouse studies.  Half seed samples of the BC2 seed not containing the embryo were tested for the presence of wheat glutenin genes and wheat glutenin genes were detected in some of the plants.  The absence of wheat glutenin proteins or the absence of jointed goatgrass glutenin proteins in BC2 plants could be used to determine pollen parent but plants that contained both wheat and glutenin proteins were found indicating that glutenin could not be used as a definitive method to identify the pollen donor of the BC2 plant.  Microsatellites (SSR’s) were identified for the D genome that could differentiate between wheat and jointed goatgrass D genome chromosomes.  Results from the non-herbicide selected population indicated that the majority of wheat SSRs were retained in the BC2 generation at the expected Mendelian frequency for a backcross population indicating that wheat chromatin would be retained in the genome shared by wheat and jointed goatgrass.

 

Objective 3: Determine the retention of a herbicide resistance gene in jointed goatgrass under selection pressure.

 

Backcross populations have been developed from wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrids developed using an imidazolinone resistant wheat.  Two populations, a non-herbicide (NS) selected population and a herbicide (HS) selected population have been developed from crosses to herbicide screened hybrid plants.  Insufficient BC2 seed was produced to develop a usable HS population for herbicide resistance gene retention.  BC2  plants were recovered after herbicide selection indicating that the gene will be retained with selection pressure.   It was found in the NS BC2S1 generation that the herbicide resistance gene was retained at the expected Mendelian frequency for a backcross population agreeing with the results of the retention of the wheat SSR study. 

 

Objective 4: Determine if integration/retention of A and B genomic DNA has occurred in BC2S1 plants.

 

Genomic in situ hybridization techniques have been developed to differentiate A, B, and C genome chromosomes.  Using the A/B chromosome GISH technique the presence of A/B chromosomes have been detected in progeny of BC2S1 plants. BC2S2 plants with 29, 30, and 31 chromosomes have been shown to have one, two or three A/B genome chromosomes respectively.  A translocation involving an A/B genome chromosome was detected using this technique but was not found in subsequent generations.  The fate of the A/B genome chromosomes in the subsequent BC2S3 generation was investigated to determine if the A/B genome chromosomes were lost over time as self-fertility was restored in jointed goatgrass derived backcrosses.  For plants with one A/B genome chromosome, 16% of the selfed progeny retained the extra chromosome while progeny from plants with two extra chromosomes retained one extra chromosome in 25% of the progeny and two extra chromosomes in 15% of the progeny.  The C genome GISH technique was evaluated as a method to determine the pollen donor parent in BC1 plants.  Testing of BC1 plants from controlled crosses where the pollen parent was known showed that backcrosses with wheat as the pollen parent have 7 or less C genome chromosomes and backcrosses to jointed goatgrass have 8 or more genome chromosomes.  Based on these results the C genome GISH technique can be used to determine the pollen donor of field derived BC1 plants giving a better indication of the potential for the movement of a herbicide resistance gene from wheat to jointed goatgrass.

 

 

PUBLICATIONS:

 

Zemetra, R.S., C.A. Mallory-Smith, J.L. Hansen, J. Snyder, and Z. Wang. 1998. Potential for gene flow between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) in the field. Proc. 9th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp. Vol. 2, pp. 134-136.

 

Snyder, J.R., C. Mallory-Smith, J.L. Hansen, S. Balter, and R.S. Zemetra. 1998. Introgression between Aegilops cylindrica and Triticum aestivum. Proceedings West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 51: 134.

 

Zemetra, R.S., J. Hansen, and C. Mallory-Smith.  1999.  Potential for transfer of herbicide resistance via wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrids.  Proc. 2nd Ann. Natl. Wheat Ind. Res. Forum, p. 3.

 

Wang, Z., R.S. Zemetra, J. Hansen, and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 1999.  Detection of wheat chromosomes in wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrids and backcross progeny using FISH.  Agronomy Abstracts pg. 76.

 

Zemetra, R.S., J. Hansen, and C. Mallory-Smith.  1999.  Potential for transfer of herbicide resistance via wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrids.  Proc. 2nd Ann. Natl. Wheat Ind. Res. Forum, p. 3.

 

Wang, Z., R.S. Zemetra, J. Hansen, and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 1999.  Detection of wheat chromosomes in wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrids and backcross progeny using FISH.  Agronomy Abstracts pg. 76.

 

Snyder, J., C. Mallory-Smith, J. Hansen, S. Balter, and R.S. Zemetra. 2000.  Seed production on Triticum aestivum by Aegilops cylindrica hybrids in the field.  Weed Sci. 48: 588-593.

 

Wang, Zhining. 2000. “Gene introgression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host): an implication of potential risk of releasing herbicide resistant wheat cultivars”. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Idaho.

 

Wang, Z., A. Hang, J. Hansen, C. Burton, C.A. Mallory-Smith, and R.S. Zemetra. 2000.  Visualization of the A and B genome chromosomes in wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) x jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) backcross progenies.  Genome 43: 1038-1044.

 

Wang, Z., R.S. Zemetra and J. Hansen. 2000.  Determination of paternity of wheat x jointed goatgrass BC1 plants using GISH.  West. Soc. of Crop Sci. abst. p. 5.

 

Crémieux, L., L.A. Morrison, J.R. Snyder, R.S. Zemetra, and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 2000.  Analysis of experimental wheat x jointed goatgrass hybrid lines using the high molecular weight glutenin technique and chromosome counts.  Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. p. 42.

 

Wang, Z., R.S. Zemetra, J. Hansen, A. Hang, and C. Mallory-Smith. 2000.  The stability of A/B genome Chromosomes in wheat x jointed goatgrass backcross progenies.  Agronomy Abstracts pg. 104.

 

Wang, Z., R.S. Zemetra, J. Hansen and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 2001.  The fertility of Triticum aestivum X Aegilops cylindrica hybrid and its backcross progenies and the implication for gene flow between the two species.  Weed Sci. 49: 340-345.

 

Crémieux, L., L.A. Morrison, R.S. Zemetra, and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 2001.  Seed protein and chromosome number analyses of experimental wheat x jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host ) hybrid lines.  WSSA Abstracts 41: 127.

 

Zemetra, R.S., C.A. Mallory-Smith, J.L. Hansen, Z. Wang, J. Snyder, A. Hang, And L.A. Morrison. 2001.  Determining the potential for gene flow between wheat and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). WSSA Abstracts 41: 56.

 

Wang, Z.N., R.S. Zemetra, Jennifer Hansen, A. Hang, C.A. Mallory-Smith, and C. Burton.  2002.  Determination of the paternity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) x jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) BC1 plants by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique.  Crop Sci. (accepted).

  

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES:

 

Presentations related to this research have been made at regional and national meetings of the WSSA and ASA, and cereal schools and producer meetings in Idaho, Oregon and Washington over the last 3 years.

National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program

Home  |  Background  |  Research  |  Management  |  Publications  |  FAQs  |  Citation List  |  Links
Contacts  |  Site Map  |  Search


Please submit website comments and questions to Doug Schmale

Copyright © 1994-2006.
National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program

www.jointedgoatgrass.org
Host
ing Provided by Kansas State University

Disclaimer  |  Nondiscrimination Statement