Title: Political Parties and Interest Groups
Course: Joni's Quizzes

Q: While political parties are not mentioned in the Constitution, these parties formed out of disputes between Jefferson and Hamilton within George Washington's cabinet:
- The Democrats and the Republicans.
- The Democrats and Whigs.
- The Federalists and the Republicans.
A: The Federalists and the Republicans.

Q: The framers of the Constitution were nervous about political parties because:
- They didn't know how many to create.
- They were unsure whether or not the Republicans, Democrats, or Federalists would be popular.
- They saw them as a form of self-interested faction that would get in the way of governing for the common good.
A: They saw them as a form of self-interested faction that would get in the way of governing for the common good.

Q: ________ became powerful in the period following the Civil War when an influx of immigrants brought new constituents to the country. ________ initiated reforms that fundamentally changed party operations. Party organizations were weakened during the period of executive-centered government that began during ________. Reforms of the party nominating system resulted in the rise of candidate-centered politics beginning in the 1970s. ________ contributes to candidate-centered politics by allowing candidates to take their message to the public directly without the intervention of parties.
- Presidents/Congress/the Cold War/Radio
- The judiciary/states/WWII/the Internet
- Party machines/The Progressive Movement/the New Deal/The media
A: Party machines/The Progressive Movement/the New Deal/The media

Q: A major reallignment in party loyalty with huge implications for politics since the 1960s has been:
- The Democratic Party's emergence as the dominant party in the South, replacing Republican Party dominance from the end of the Civil War to the Civil Rights Movement.
- The tendency of the Democratic and Republican Parties to be evenly matched across the South.
- The Republican Party's emergence as the dominant party in the South, replacing Democratic Party dominance from the end of the Civil War to the Civil Rights Movement.
A: The Republican Party's emergence as the dominant party in the South, replacing Democratic Party dominance from the end of the Civil War to the Civil Rights Movement.

Q: One argument in favor of a two-party system as opposed to a multi-party system:
- A two party system allows for more diverse political perspectives to be expressed through political institutions.
- A two party system guarantees that voters have a clear ideological choice when they participate in elections.
- Having too many parties can destabilize the system by confusing voters and allowing parties who take extreme ideological positions to become prominent in government.
A: Having too many parties can destabilize the system by confusing voters and allowing parties who take extreme ideological positions to become prominent in government.

Q: These are plans outlining party positions on issues and the actions leaders will take to implement them if elected.
- Party systems
- Bipartisanship
- Party platforms
A: Party platforms

Q: The two-party system tends to produce:
- ideological extremism
- a left-wing bias
- ideological moderation
A: ideological moderation

Q: The highest ranking leaders in Congress:
- The House and Senate whips, whose primary purpose is to ensure party discipline. Whips are a party's "enforcers" and typically offer inducements and threaten party members to ensure that they vote according to the official party policy.
- Committee chairs.
- The Speaker of the House and the Senate Majority Leader, also the highest ranking members of the majority party in each house.
A: The Speaker of the House and the Senate Majority Leader, also the highest ranking members of the majority party in each house.

Q: With regard to party identification:
- Since the 1960s there has been a gradual increase in identification with political parties and a decrease in the number of independents.
- Since the 1960s there has been a significant increase in identification with political parties and a significant decrease in the number of independents.
- Since the 1960s there has been a gradual decline in identification with political parties and a rise in the number of independents.
A: Since the 1960s there has been a gradual decline in identification with political parties and a rise in the number of independents.

Q: Catholics and labor union members in the Northeast typically form a part of the:
- Republican coalition
- Independent coalition
- Democratic coalition
A: Democratic coalition

Q: White fundamentalist Protestants are a component of the:
- Democratic coalition
- Independent coalition
- Republican coalition
A: Republican coalition

Q: A major, enduring shift in coalition loyalties that results in a change in the balance of power between the two major parties is called:
- a bias.
- a windfall.
- a realignment.
A: a realignment.

Q: Where a minority party wins and becomes the majority party in government following an election, and remains dominant for an extended period of time:
- a landslide.
- an electoral victory.
- a critical election.
A: a critical election.

Q: When party loyalty declines and voters base their decisions on short-term, election-specific factors, such as the leadership qualities of a candidate:
- a partisan bias.
- a reverse landslide.
- Partisan dealignment.
A: Partisan dealignment.

Q: This is the term used to refer to an organization that is not affiliated with the two major American parties—the Democrats or Republicans:
- Independent party.
- Reform party.
- Third party.
A: Third party.

Q: One thing third parties can help provide:
- Moderation of views.
- Help making institutions work better.
- Relief from "idea suppression" by the two major parties.
A: Relief from "idea suppression" by the two major parties.

Q: Ross Perot's third party candidacy helped push both major parties to:
- Push for electoral reform.
- Oppose the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- Pay attention to the deficit.
A: Pay attention to the deficit.

Q: These groups make demands on government and try to influence public policies in their favor but do not seek elective office.
- Political parties
- Third parties
- Interest groups
A: Interest groups

Q: They represent businesses, labor unions, and professions.
- Social interest groups
- Ideological interest groups
- Economic interest groups
A: Economic interest groups

Q: People do not need to join an interest group voluntarily when they can benefit from its activities without becoming a member. This is the problem of collective goods, and is known as:
- the dead-beat rule
- what goes around comes around.
- the free-rider problem.
A: the free-rider problem.

Q: An important influence on public policy involves interest group preasure on government agencies since:
- Bureaucrats tend to be extremely corrupt and are frequently charged with accepting bribes from interest group lobbyists.
- Agencies do not have to report their activities to Congress.
- Bureaucrats have leeway to decide what laws mean and how to administer and implement them.
A: Bureaucrats have leeway to decide what laws mean and how to administer and implement them.

Q: Which of the following is true about lobbyists?
- Lobbyists only seek access to members of Congress, which is why that institution is typically so unpopular.
- Lobbyists only seek access to bureaucrats in federal and state agencies since they tend to be easily persuaded and out of the public eye.
- Lobbyists seek access to public officials in all government branches.
A: Lobbyists seek access to public officials in all government branches.

Q: One criticism of lobbying:
- Lobbyists don't understand what it takes to be an elected representative so they frequently have unrealistic goals when they pressure for policy changes.
- Lobbyists tend to represent unions, which typically advocate for policies that are not in the public interest.
- Many lobbyists are former public officials, and use their connections made while serving the public to then help private interests gain policy advantages that are not necessarily for the public good.
A: Many lobbyists are former public officials, and use their connections made while serving the public to then help private interests gain policy advantages that are not necessarily for the public good.

Q: Policy on a subject is often made by a relatively few people from Congress, the bureaucracy, and interest groups through the formation of a(n):
- Issue network.
- K Street firm.
- Iron triangle.
A: Iron triangle.

Q: The most famous argument against the influence of interest groups can be found in:
- Hamilton's argument that the judiciary was the "least dangerous branch."
- George Washington's farwell address.
- James Madison's Federalist 10, which argued that "factions" could be corrupting, interfering with policy oriented towards the public good.
A: James Madison's Federalist 10, which argued that "factions" could be corrupting, interfering with policy oriented towards the public good.

Q: Modern political science sees a positive role for interest groups through the democratic theory of:
- elitism
- hyperpluralism
- pluralism
A: pluralism

Q: An important argument against pluralism:
- The fact that labor groups have an advantage over other segments of society, particularly businesses necessary to keep the economy strong.
- The fact that single-issue groups have an advantage over other segments of society.
- The fact that business groups have an advantage over other segments of society, particularly the poor and the working class.
A: The fact that business groups have an advantage over other segments of society, particularly the poor and the working class.