LIMITING FACTORS:


Code--Limiting Factor Category (Primarily Affects)
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00--Domestic livestock forage competition (Habitat Management) 
01--Habitat succession/ maturation (Habitat Management)
02--Urban expansion (Habitat Conservation)
03--Public land habitat availability (Habitat Conservation)	
04--Increased road densities (Habitat Management)	
05--Riparian impacts (Habitat Management)
06--Timber harvest impacts (Habitat Management)
07--Depredation	(Habitat Management)
08--Limited private land access	(Population Management)
09--Artificial feeding (Habitat Management)
10--Habitat conversion (Habitat Management)
11--Social carrying capacity exceeded (Population Management)
12--Late seral stages needed (Habitat Management)
13--High Density Recreation (Habitat Management)
14--Water availability (Habitat Management)
15--Transport/Water conveyance corridors (Population Management)
16--Mineral Extraction/Exploration (Population Management)
17--Competition with other wild ungulates (Habitat Management)
18--Special Situation (Varied (see note below))
na--no limiting factors identified

18--Special Situation Note:  Habitat where deer populations may occur, 
intermittently, in small numbers.  In some instances, the public may 
receive wildlife viewing, photographic or consumptive recreational 
uses.  However, land ownership, social carrying capacity considerations, 
weather limitations, range conditions, and small size or configuration 
of the topography is not suitable to manage for increasing deer 
populations at the present time.  Other situations could include game 
farms, tribal lands, past catastrophic fires, invasion of weedy species, 
feral horses etc.


Limiting Factor examples:
-------------------------
Domestic Livestock Competition--inadequate range utilization, forage 
production downturn.

Habitat Succession/Maturation--canopy closure, seral stage advancement, 
mature forage height.

Urban Sprawl--human habitat encroachment, detrimental land use changes.

Public Land Availability--shortage of public lands to actively manage 
habitat for expanded herds.

Increased Road Densities--motorized access, lower habitat effectiveness 
and deer security.

Riparian Impacts--concentrated animal groups, habitat over-utilization. 

Timber Harvest Impacts--increased open road densities, vegetation 
quality/quantity.

Depredation--fence damage, standing forage loss, haystack damage.

Limited Private Land Access--private lands block public land hunt access, 
"refuge" situations.

Artificial Feeding--public agency supplemental feeding, private lands 
"emergency" feeding.

Habitat Conversion--burning, disking herbicide, etc..

Social carrying capacity exceeded--i.e. low landowner tolerance.

Late seral stages needed--increase hiding and/or thermal cover.

High Density Recreation--any focused recreational activity (commercial
/non-commercial) which modifies/degrades the basic habitat elements and 
renders that habitat less suitable for deer and other wildlife.

Water Availability--ability to manage free-ranging deer population growth 
and distribution limited by year-round water resource availability.

Transportation/Water Conveyance Corridors--highways, railways, canals, 
ditches and other man-made corridors that can affect deer populations 
through  direct mortality factors or limit/prevent access to essential 
habitats.

Mineral Exploration/Extraction--any activity(s) related to mineral resource 
exploration, location and extraction which can modify or degrade the basic 
habitat elements and render habitat less suitable for deer and other wildlife. 
Competition with other wild ungulates.  Increasing elk herd issues.  
Lack of adequate forage, displacement, competition for resources, etc. is 
limiting the growth and recovery of the deer herd in a given area.

